The biological bases of human memory and cognition has been examined by using three methods: analyses of neurological patients, investigations using functional neuroimaging, and basic theoretical cognitive research. An important focus of the Berkeley group is on the role of the frontal lobes in memory, attention, and thought. This brain region appears to be involved in "working memory," a term used to describe the on-line control and monitoring of memory processes. Interactions between this anterior system with posterior cortical regions are an important aspect of what we call represent memory. (Professors Knight, Shimamura, D'Esposito) Professors Knight and D'Esposito maintain an active cognitive research program in which memory, attentional, and perceptual phenomena are analyzed both empirically and theoretically.